IOM Attributes

Participants of the Institute of Medicine* Roundtable on Health Literacy authored a white paper that addresses steps healthcare organizations can take to lower barriers for consumer to access and use of health information and services. Below are the 10 attributes of a healthcare literate organization outlined in the white paper.

*[Note: In 2015 the Institute of Medicine (IOM) was renamed the National Academy of Medicine and remains part of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (National Academies)].

Attributes about leadership, priorities, training, access, and special situations:

1. Has leadership that makes health literacy integral to its mission, structure, and operations
   The organization makes advancing health literacy a high priority and part of the organizational values, culture, and day-to-day operations. Committed, continuous, knowledgeable leadership is key to effectively implement and sustain health literacy improvement activities.
2. Integrates health literacy into strategic and operational planning, quality improvement, goals, and measures
   The organization makes sure that health literacy is explicitly integrated into all relevant activities, and that health literacy informs both strategic and operational planning, execution, and evaluation. The organization assesses success with vulnerable populations as part of its overall organizational performance measures.
3. Prepares the workforce to address health literacy issues and monitors progress
   The organization recognizes and meets staff health literacy training needs. The training contributes to a culture in which everyone values and promotes effective communication. The organization measures the training’s impact on advancing health literacy and other goals
4. Provides easy access to health information and services and help finding the way in facilities
   The organization uses techniques to make it easy for people to find information in facilities, such as health departments, clinics, and social service agencies, and on Web sites and other communication channels. Help finding the way in facilities can mean providing clear signs, directions, forms, and helpful staff who provide information in plain language.
   Best practices in Web design and social media communication help the organization make its electronic materials, messages, and systems, such as patient portals or online databases, easy for people to find, understand, and use.If the organization provides telephone-based information or services, such as appointment scheduling or toll-free information lines, it can make sure staff use plain language when talking with the public.
5. Addresses health literacy in high-risk situations, such as emergency preparedness, crisis and emergency response, and clinical emergencies or transitions.
   The organization puts processes in place to make sure that people receive clear and useful communication when they are at their most vulnerable or under emotional or physical stress. Planning for emergencies, crises and stressful transitions anticipates the audience’s health literacy issues and prepares for the types of basic information and services people will need to respond to high-risk situations.
6. Communicates clearly available health services and costs
   The organization uses clear communication techniques to explain a person’s choices among health services and the costs, if relevant, for each service. If a person must complete forms to receive services, the forms are in plain language with information design techniques that make it easy to understand and complete the forms.

Attributes about audience and group participation and feedback in health communication and information activities:

7. Includes members of groups served in the design, implementation, and evaluation of health information and services
   The organization invites members of the groups it serves to be part of the processes that result in health information and services. It pays special attention to including people with limited literacy and numeracy skills when planning programs and preparing materials.
8. Meets the needs of audiences with a range of health literacy skills while avoiding stigmatization
   The organization makes information and communication clear and culturally and linguistically appropriate for all audiences. It uses audience feedback to verify comprehension and information usefulness. The organization selects formats and channels with the greatest reach for the intended audience. Staff don’t demean, criticize, or call negative attention to people with limited literacy and numeracy skills.
9. Uses health literacy strategies in oral communication
   The organization uses clear communication techniques in spoken communication, such as conversations, interviews, oral presentations, and podcasts and videos. It reinforces spoken information and communication with other formats that help people remember the information and learn how to find more information when they need it. The organization uses various audience feedback methods to verify comprehension and information usefulness.
10. Designs and distributes print, audiovisual, and social media content that is easy to understand and act on
    The organization asks the intended users of the information and communication to contribute to all steps of the content process. It uses multiple channels for information and communication so that people can use their preferred channels as well as be exposed to the information multiple times to help learning and recall. The materials have a clear message and actions the audience can take to protect and promote their health. The materials use words, numbers and concepts familiar to the intended audience.